3/31/2005

Info: Keeping cameras dry in Japan

In Japan and other asian countries with wet seasons, fungus and other mold growths are a serious problem for camera collectors and users. How do you keep the little critters from growing on your prized possessions? Fungus requires two things to grow: moisture and dark. Take any of these two away and you'll be spared the shock of finding your prize Summilux with white spiderwebs or spots growing on the lens surfaces.

Use it or lose it: Simply using your camera frequently is a good way to prevent mold from growing. Sunlight and UV light both kill fungi. Take your camera out often and the sunlight will naturally kill off anything in it. Nothing hurts a camera more than storage. Even if you can't use it, take the lens off the camera and put both in the sun for a few hours. It's important to take the lens off because the sun coming through the lens can burn a hole in your camera's shutter. Remember to take all your lenses, auxiliary viewfinders, and filters out for this treatment. Fungus is contagious.

Keeping it dry at home: In all of the asian countries I've been in that have a wet season, they sell dry storage cabinets for valuables. These can range from cheap oversize plastic tupperware-type boxes (~US$20) to fancy glass storage cabinets (~US$300). Most have built in hygrometers (humidity meters) and some way to control the humidity, such as rechargeable dessicant packs or electronic humidity controls. If you're staying in the country for a while, it's worth the investment. I bought one of the smaller plastic boxes for my stay in Japan.

In Japan, cans of nori (seaweed) come with giant dessicant packs to keep them crispy. I use those. It's easy to recharge them by putting them in the oven toaster on "low" for about 30 minutes. I've also sauteed them on a frypan as well as microwaved them. Anything that can apply a gentle heat of more than 100 degrees centigrade (212 farenheit) for more than 15 minutes works. If it's in a plastic wrapper, be careful not to melt the plastic, though.

In Japan, Fuji Color sells small satchets of fungicide (labelled フジカラー カビ防止剤 in Japanese). I haven't seen this sold in the USA. It contains a chemical called BCA which prevents fungus growth and is very cheap insurance (¥150-300). I keep one in the same dry box as my cameras and one in my camera bag.

Keeping it dry in the field: If you're travelling and can't lug around a giant plastic box, not all is lost. The most important thing is to stock up on dessicants. You'll need more because you won't be able to recharge them as easily. In Japan, as I said, each can of Nori comes with a huge satchet. But in the States, I buy mine in industrial sizes here: www.desiccare.com.

Dessicare sells industrial grade sizes as well as smaller satchets. Last year, I bought two of their huge shipping container dessicant bags, for use in my storage unit in Saint Paul; as well as smaller packets for my camera bags and indicator strips. They were very quick in shipping. They're a good company that mainly sells to other companies, like shipping companies and electronic manufacturers.

In the field, I keep several of the small packets in my camera bag. That keeps the general humidity in the bag down. I recharge them every now and then. If I don't have access to an oven or microwave, sitting them in the hot sun or in front of a hot incandescent bulb will dry them (slowly). The worst thing you can do is to keep your cameras + lenses in a camera bag that's damp or wet overnight. If your bag gets wet, dry it immediately. Hanging it in the sunlight will help kill any bugs in it.

The problem I find is that my day bag gets damp during the day if the humidity is high. So at night, I hang the bag to dry and take all the cameras and lenses out and put them in my hard-sided suitcase with a large satchet of dessicants. Hard sided suitcases are relatively air tight. Take all your clothes out when you do this because clothes have a high level of residual moisture.

Remember to recharge your dessicants. They're worse than useless if saturated -- they'll actually elevate the moisture level.

3/30/2005

Blog: Taoist Festival of Singapore

Peter Chou has uploaded a new gallery on Taoist Festival of Singapore at www.pbase.com/kepha/tangki It features Taoist mediums going into trance and perform rituals that are seldom documented. Peter's been featured on this site before, wonderful pictures.

3/29/2005

Meta: Blogger stinks

Blogger.com (which is the site I use to run this blog) is excruciatingly slow this week. I haven't been happy with their service and am contemplating of asking for a full refund (of $0 -- they are free) and switching to a paid service. If anyone has suggestions of a good blogging tool, please let me know. I've heard good things about MovableType.

Photo: Buddhist cat


I met this fellow while walking in the Bunkyo ward of Tokyo last November. It was a gorgeous autumn day and I was on my way to a Center for Independent Living for people with disabilities in the area. For some reason, Bunkyo ward has a lot of cemetaries and Buddhist temples. In Japan, we associate Buddhism with death and burial rituals. The cat is sitting on a family gravestone -- most people in Japan are cremated and buried in family plots. To the right of the cat is a wooden placard, made by the temple priest. It reads "Namu-ami-dabutsu" (南無阿弥陀仏) and is a prayer to the Boddhisatva Amitabha/Amida who promises that all believers who chant this will be given everlasting life in the Pure Land. For more information, google the Jodo Sect of Buddhism.

Equipment: Leica M7, 90mm f/2 Summicron, Fuji Provia 100F.

3/28/2005

Info: Compact digital camera wars

Various Japanese industry analysts believe that in two to three years, the number of major manufacturers involved in compact digital camera production will be halved. The relentless 6-month product cycle, deep discounting of old stock, competition from camera-phones, market saturation, and huge R&D investment is not sustainable over the long run. Who will survive? Let's look at the field:
  1. Canon
  2. Nikon
  3. Olympus
  4. Minolta
  5. Sony
  6. Kodak
  7. Panasonic
  8. Pentax
  9. Leica
  10. Casio
  11. Ricoh
  12. Contax
  13. Toshiba
  14. Epson

We've already seen Epson, Toshiba and Contax leave the field (although Epson is trying to get back in with the R-D1). Casio and Ricoh are struggling to stay in play, and Pentax is looking weaker in recent months.

Have thoughts who will remain? Post a comment here.

3/25/2005

Blog: James Nachtwey's gallery site

"Anti-war photographer" James Nachtwey has his work online at http://www.jamesnachtwey.com. Really heartrending and yet gorgeous material. I heard him once speak at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design. He's a warm and humble man, perhaps one of the best of the current generation of documentary photojournalists.

3/24/2005

Blog: International Competition

AFP reports on the outcome of the 62nd annual Pictures of the Year International photojournalism competition held recently at the Missouri School of Journalism in the United States. Complete coverage may be viewed at:

http://www.poyi.org/62/info/news.html


3/22/2005

Rant: Foreign journalists restricted from entering the USA without visas

Since the cold-war days of 1952, there has been a law that journalists from foreign countries must apply for I-visas before entering the U.S. But it hasn't been enforced in the past several decades and journalists from foreign countries have freely visited the USA. Those from Japan, Europe, and other friendly nations have entered on the same 90-day visa waivers as tourists without thinking twice about it.

Now, it seems that the current administration has decided to enforce the I-visa restriction. If you identify yourself as a journalist at immigration and tell the CBP officer that your intent is to work as a journalist during your visit to the USA and you are not in posession of an I-visa, you may find that you will be denied entry, fingerprinted, photographed, and deported with prejudice. This can result in your being denied entry in the USA in the future for any reason (usually this lasts from 5-10 years and then you can file a request to have this travel ban lifted).

According to the U.S. embassy in Paris (whose web page I googled), these are the criteria for I-visas.

Visa Journalist Media : I Visa

The following persons must request an I visa: Representative of foreign press, radio, film or other information media. This includes aliens whose activities are essential to the foreign information media function; for example, media reporters, media film crews, video tape editors, and persons in similar occupations. The I visa classification may be accorded not only to primary employees of foreign information media engaged in filming a news event or documentary, but also to the employees of independent production companies when those employees hold a credential issued by a professional journalistic association.

Documents required: Press card/credentials, letter from employer indicating the purpose of the trip, the intended length of the mission, the number of years with the applicant's company and of experience.

Spouse and children: the spouse and children accompanying, or following to join, an alien qualified for an I visa may also receive the I classification.
Note that if you are visiting the USA to make a film or other media production and it's not journalistic, you may need to apply for other visa types. I've heard reports that Japanese film crews are being stopped and deported at the Honolulu International Airport because they did not apply for the proper visas before entering.

It is unfortunate that American border controls are becoming tighter. I'd encourage all my journalist, photojournalist, and other foreign friends to make sure that they are in full compliance with the law. The immigration system in the USA is in constant flux, so you need to keep on top of things. Even if you disagree with the law, you still need to keep in compliance with it unless you enjoy being made an example of.

Other links:

3/21/2005

Blog: David Alan Harvey reviews the Epson R-D1

David Alan Harvey, noted Magnum photojournalist, reviews the Epson R-D1 on the Digital Journalist.org website. He gives it two thumbs up (except for the faux-retro wind-lever).

Blog: Welcome Mehyar

Some of you have already noticed the new postings that he's made, but I wanted to formally introduce a new contributor to the Photoethnography.com blog, Mehyar. He's an avid photographer and -- like me -- travels an incredible amount on his job as an engineer between the United States and Japan. I noticed him posting comments on the blog, as well as being a source for many of the public posts I've made.

Just keep a heads up to see who is making the posting, since some people are already privately commenting to me that they like "my" new photos of the flowers, when it's Mehyar they should be complimenting.

3/20/2005

Photo: Spring Arrives..



The sun is about to cross the celestial equator and that will mark the beginning of the new year for many people around the globe. I was surprised when discovered that in Japan spring equinox day is a national holiday and is celebrated at shrines and temples. For instance, the ceremonies at Pure Land Buddhist temples are believed to help souls enter the world of light, and at the famous Shinto shrine of Ise dedicated to the sun goddess Amaterasu, a festival is held to celebrate the renewal of life on earth.

Here in San Diego, spring arrived in mid February. The as yet unidentified tree outside the office presented the opportunity for this picture.

Happy New Year!

Blog: Street Art in Japan



One comes across rather imaginative signs in Japan. Public art can no doubt play a role in humanizing the city and expressing its traditions.

The picture shown here* is from Martine Cotton's site at: http://www.frangipani.info/gallery/manholes_of_japan
*Copyright guidelines are posted at her site under FAQ

3/17/2005

Info: Population/demographic research

If you're doing social science research in Japan and need the latest population demographics or other data, there are several options.
  1. First, the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) home page is a good starting point. They have all of their white papers and vital statistics listed there. If you can read Japanese, there is more information on the Japanese page than the English one.
  2. The MHLW also publishes many of its reports through the Health and Welfare Statistics Association. You can order many of their texts directly. For some of their more "popular" books such as the Vital Statistics of Japan, larger bookstores will carry it. It has a companion CD-ROM which I recommend. In Tokyo, I have the best luck in finding government publications at the Yaesu Book Center, located on the Yaesu side of Tokyo Station.
  3. The National Diet Library in Nagatacho also has most of the data available in publication form. They have a branch office in Kyoto and most university libraries can also request information by inter-library loan (if you can find the right reference librarian to ask). Local town libraries also usually carry the general statistic publications.
  4. When in doubt, I prefer going directly to the source. On the 19th floor of the MHLW building in Kasumigaseki is the MHLW Resource Library. They have a tremendous archive of information, all on open stacks. The reference librarians there are extremely helpful. For example, I wanted to get data on the unemployment rates of people with disabilities. They took me directly to the internal geppo of the MHLW division that issues it. The Ministry copy machine is expensive and they don't let you use your computer, so bring lots of coins with you.


Additions and corrections appreciated.

Photo: Kyoto Kiyomizu at Night #2



Behind the temple pagoda is a powerful, highly collimated white spotlight. It appears in all of the photographs as a comet-like beam.

Equipment: Canon 10D; EF 16-35mm f/2.8 L; Velbon Charmagne tripod; Acratech Ultimate head. Settings: f/3.5 1/4 sec @ ISO 800.

3/16/2005

Photos: Kyoto, City of Flower and Lights

Kyoto is having its annual festival of flowers and lights (a loose translation of 京都・花灯路). The path from Chionji Temple to Kiyomizu Temple is lined with lanterns and large flower arrangements. This festival extends from March 11th to the 21st. All of the shrines and temples are open until 9:30pm and are lit up splendidly.



Kiyomizu Temple (above) is one of Kyoto's most beautiful temples and certainly the best place to see the city at night. Unfortunately, it's only open in the evening a few times a year. If you wear a kimono, all of the buses and subways as well as all of the temples and shrines will give you free admission during the festival period. Alas, my kimono is in St. Paul. The irony.

I have about 200 photos from this evening. I'll be posting them slowly to this blog and then later uploading them to my gallery. Oops, it looks like I have to fix my Photoshop copyright stamp script, it's now 2 years out of date. Just noticed that...

Equipment: Canon 10D; EF 16-35mm f/2.8 L; Velbon Charmagne tripod; Acratech Ultimate head. Settings: f/3.5 1/2 sec @ ISO 800.

3/15/2005

Blog: Epson R-D1 review by Erwin Puts

Erwin Puts is a prolific and controversial author and reviewer of Leica cameras and lenses. Like with most professional reviewers, you often have to read between the lines of his reviews since he makes a good deal of his money writing for Leica. Nonetheless, he's uploaded a fine review of the Epson R-D1 digital rangefinder.

My own take on the R-D1 is that it's brilliantly flawed. Kudos to Epson for proving it could be done. But the R-D1 is much too expensive ($2700 in Japan) and early indications are that its mechanical reliability doesn't match the price. We're already getting reports of viewfinder focus drifting and the analog dials sticking. Epson should be providing these cameras with a 5-year guarantee given what they're asking for it.

I hope that the new Zeiss-Cosina collaborative venture which gave us the Zeiss Ikon will give us a next generation digital RF. It has to be absolutely sturdy and built to last at least 5-7 years of professional use. My own dream would be a digital Hexar RF or Zeiss Ikon. They both have the mechanical guts to please any rangefinder afficianado.

Blog: Pentax *istDS review on Photo.net

Photo.net posted a very extensive review of the Pentax *istDS. The *istDS is one of the few low-end DSLRs that has a glass pentaprism instead of a pentamirror. The difference is in the viewfinder -- it's much brighter and contrastier compared to the companies cutting corners. The photos posted with the review are very good although I'm bothered by the numerous blown highlights. This could just be user error.

3/14/2005

Info: Maximizing your photograph print life

To get maximum life from your inkjet or traditional photography prints, you should either store them in a cool, dry, dark, archival storage box or album -- or frame them. The three things that damage prints the most are:

  1. Moisture: Condensing moisture (i.e., droplets or water) will cause prints to stick to each other or to the nearest closest surface. Even high levels of non-condensing moisture (i.e., high humidity) will cause the print layers to delaminate, bubble up, or for dyes to bleed or transfer to other surfaces.
  2. Ozone: Ozone and other environmental contaminants can reek havoc on dye-based images -- including those made by traditional RA-4 photography. Framing helps by considerably cutting off the outside atmosphere. If you can, take the extra step of covering the back of the frame with a protective sheet.
  3. Ultraviolet light (UV light): This is the major cause of fading in dye and pigment based prints. UV light is powerfully active, it actually destroys the molecules that give your prints color. Cutting off as much UV light as possible will make your prints last.
You can cut UV light many ways. Most simply, putting your prints in a dark box or album. You can also cut it at the source. Many fluorescent lamps are powerful emitters of UV wavelengths. You can either buy bulbs with UV-cut filters in them or buy a UV-cut sleeve for your existing bulbs. Your quality lighting specialist can help you with this.

Framing your prints will also help tremendously. Many framing supply stores will sell you "UV-cut museum archival glass." Is it worth the cost? All coated glass is not the same. If you look at the UV cut-off points for camera filters, you'll realize that some coatings do cut UV rays off at different points than others. The best UV filters cut it off right at the limit of human vision.

That said, even cheap frame or window glass reduces UV rays, just not by that much. Otherwise, your sofa wouldn't fade where the sun's rays hit it through the window. If you want to stop the UV rays from sunlight, you can also buy after-market UV-cut window coatings. Just laminate it onto your existing windows.

Much cheaper than UV-cut framing glass (which is expensive since it's a coated glass) is UV-cut acrylic. It's cheaper because you can just mix in the UV-blocking material in with the acrylic rather than vacuum depositing it on the glass.

The advantage of UV-cut acrylic for framing is that it's 1) cheaper, 2) doesn't break, 3) cheaper, 4) lighter, 5) cheaper, and 6) did I mention it's cheaper? The disadvantage is that acrylic scratches much easier than glass and isn't as flat.

For more information, check the Wilhelm Research site. They are the most authorative source on photographic print life. With proper care, a silver print (traditional B&W) on archival fiber should last you 100 years; an RA-4 traditional print or cibachrome about 25-50 years; a pigment-based print about 25-50 years; a quality dye-based print about 5-25 years. But these estimates vary greatly depending on how and where you store the photograph.

My advice? Store the original negative/film/file archivally and enjoy the print even if it has a short lifespan!

Info: Cheap generic Canon EOS DSLR 10D/20D batteries

Last year, I left my Canon 10D charger in the states accidentally when leaving on my field research in Japan. Rather than buying the $50 replacement charger from Canon, I bought a $10 clone charger/battery set from accproshop off ebay. It's worked great. The charger came with both a 120/240V wall-wart power supply and a 12V car DV lighter plug. The wall-wart makes it larger than the original Canon but the presence of a 12V plug is nice. Shipping was $8 to Japan.

To be on the safe side, I always unplug the charger after the green light turns on (don't want to fry the batteries). The $5 BP-511A replacements I got from the same place have also worked out great with my 10D. I've tested them out and they last just about as long as the genuine Canon ones, which cost about $60 each.

Accproshop is the store I used on ebay, but there are many sellers, mostly located in Hong Kong or China. Just search for 'BP511' or whatever battery type you use. There are clones of all of the major manufacturers. Prices range from $5-10 each. Watch out for shipping -- many companies charge $15 shipping/handling on a $5 battery -- so you can tell where they are making their money.

If you know of other sources, feel free to post them as comments to this thread.

3/12/2005

Blog: Visual anthropology, photoethnography

Critical Design has a nice series of web pages that take you through the history and various facets of visual anthropology, including still photography and ethnographic film.

3/11/2005

Blog: Managing e-mail, Harvard Business School style

From the Harvard Business School Leadership Workshop: Tips for Mastering E-mail Overload.

I wish I could charge some of my colleagues $5 for each e-mail they send me.....

Blog: Anthropology, anthopologists, and blogs

On Kerim Wiki is a short article originally posted in the Anthropology Newsletter about how/why anthropologists should be blogging. A must read.

3/10/2005

Rant: Control spartan vs. control profuse cameras

In an earlier blog, I commented on how I didn't like how professional series Minolta SLRs tended to be ... button and dial profuse... in comparison to the professional series Canon EOS SLRs which tend to be button and dial sparse. A reader wrote back to me saying how he preferred the proliferation of buttons because it meant he could tell the camera settings at a glance.

This is only my own opinion and it only counts for my own working style (although I know many professional photographers agree with me), but I prefer control spartan cameras because basically I never change the settings. With my SLRs, I almost always shoot in aperture-priority, one-shot focus, single-shot drive mode. I have the auto-focusing control shifted to the rear '*' button so I can control it with my thumb, auto-exposure lock is thus set with the shutter button. This is how I shoot 99.9% of my work. Never changing modes means I only have to think about the photograph not the camera.

I prefer the format used with the EOS 1/3 series cameras where all shooting controls (motor-drive; AF mode; AE mode) are set two-handed. There are no control dials that can get knocked accidentally out of place in the camera bag. I know pros that even tape down the AF/MF switch on their lenses since most (all?) pro Canon EF lenses are full-time-manual ultrasonic anyway. Less buttons and dials also means better environmental sealing and reliability. The Canon EOS 1/3 series are virtually water and dustproof.

On a Minolta alpha camera, I would have to constantly look at the dials to make sure they hadn't been jostled out of position. I find this happening with my EOS 10D, where the control dial is just a bit too easily changed. At least with the 10D, you can change parameters to have the ISO changeable on the fly with the SET buttonm, rather than allocating a button just for that purpose. The Minolta alpha-7 digital isn't waterproof and I doubt all those dials can handle dust very well either.

In many ways, that's why I prefer my Leica M7. Basically it has everything I need in a camera (aperture-priority autoexposure) and nothing I don't. The shutter dial controls the AE function and is well-dampened so that it doesn't move out of position. There are otherwise no other extraneous controls (I even wish I could lock out the exposure compensation dial since I don't use it, rather choosing to AE-lock-and-recompose instead). This is a holdover from my days when I shot with the Asahi Pentax Spotmatic SPII.

A camera has four basic controls: focus, shutter-speed, aperture, and a shutter release. Why complicate things?

But again, this is my shooting style. Your mileage may vary.

3/9/2005

Rant: "Security" on the Amtrak

When taking the Amtrak to my professor's house, I was shocked that the conductor on board the train asked for IDs as well as tickets. I understand that Greyhound buses also are requiring IDs. What has the U.S. come to? Are we living that much in a culture of fear that we allow this?

Of course the standard response is "security" but what security are we gaining?

  1. First, there is no security to be gained. The conductors only glance at the name and photo. Any bad guy can buy a fake ID for $50 at a college campus (or make their own with an Epson printer and Photoshop) that would pass scrutiny. So we gain no security.
  2. Second, for the honest people this means that people without licenses, passports, or State ID cannot ride the train. This is a group of people that largely includes the urban poor and recent immigrants. Suddenly, we are restricting the travel of a certain class of people. This should bring up shades of Plessy v. Ferguson for most reasonable people.

Has America become a police state where you aren't allowed to travel unless you have your identification papers in order? I guess this isn't even a rhetorical question anymore.

I should note that in Japan, we don't check IDs on either inter-city airplanes, buses, or trains. When I take domestic flights, no ID is checked. And yes, a terrible incident of domestic terrorism happened in the Japanese subway stations (the Aum Sarin gas poisoning), but aside from the garbage cans disappearing from train platforms, we've come through remarkably calmly.

In Japan, we have no national id number (like the American social security number). Many Japanese don't have driver's licenses, so that can't be used as a national ID card and there is no equivalent "State ID" card for non-drivers. Many people show their national health cards for ID when buying into a cellphone plan, for example, but the health cards have no photographs on them and there is no unified ID number on them either, and you don't carry your health card with you unless you really need to. So unless the domestic airplane carriers were financially suicidal, they couldn't ask for IDs even if they wanted to.

p.s. Folks will note that I use 'we' in this blog to mean either Japanese and Americans in different paragraphs. Welcome to my complex identity politics.

Why does Amtrak/Greyhound like this new ID regime? Tickets with names on them makes it difficult for people to buy and sell tickets on the secondary market. In Japan, we have Kinken shopts in front of every major station that will sell you rail or plane tickets at 20% off the retail price. They buy them from other travellers for 40-50% off and resell them, pocketing the profit. You can no longer do this in the States. Some people in America will remember the good old days when college bulletin boards and classified ads would indeed sell old plane tickets that you couldn't use. "Security" is often used as an excuse for increasing one's profit margin.

Rant: Amtak vs. Shinkansen

I was in Washington DC last weekend for a committee meeting. On Sunday, I had some time off so I visited one of my old professors who lives in Baltimore, Maryland. Washington DC has an excellent subway system (the Metro) and the Amtrak lines connect DC with Baltimore as well as cities up and down the entire East coast.

I've criticized the high price of inter-city transportation in Japan, but I should note that it costs $80 to go on Amtrak from New York to Hartford CT, which is about 350 miles or the same distance between Tokyo and Osaka (556km). It'll also take you 6 hours compared to the 2 hours 36 minutes (and $130) on the Nozomi Shinkansen "Bullet Train", so maybe the Japanese prices aren't out of line.

One thing I can say is that Amtrak trains have 120V power outlets at the seats in many of their cars. This makes all the difference between a productive and unproductive 6 hour ride. The Shinkansen doesn't have any user accessible power outlets except in the toilets....

Visiting my professor was quite nice, except that after she dropped me off at the BWI station at night, it turned out all the trains were delayed for over an hour. Except for the numerous suicides in recent years, Japanese trains run on time, period. So I ended up sharing a cab back to DC. Oh well, so much for praising inter-city transport in the States.

I have another beef about Amtrak, but I'll post it under a separate entry.

News: Japan's economy in recession again (perhaps)

The latest Economist reports that Japan's economy may again be in recession. Japan was in recession since the early 1990s for about a decade, but had picked up again in the new millennium. Now, it seems that those gains might have just been temporary.

On the positive side, housing prices have perhaps hit rock bottom. Interest rates have been close to 0% which means that although a small house in Osaka might still cost you US$500,000, the extremely low interest means your monthly mortgage payment on a 35 year loan may be only US$1300 or so.

The 0% interest has had a disproportionately negative impact on elderly citizens who live on a fixed income. Unlike the United States, most people do not have any retirement funds in 401K type programs or other investments. Most retirees survive on their government or corporate pensions and savings. With interest rates so low, most pensioners are trying to live as leanly as possibly -- which in turn drags down the economy because their are more elderly than youth in aging Japan.

Of course the central government is worried that raising interest rates would kibosh any hopes of recovering from the recession. It's a deadly negative feedback loop.

3/4/2005

News: Kyocera Contax to end camera production

The British Journal of Photography reports that Kyocera is ceasing production of Contax branded 35mm film cameras. Digital cameras under the Contax brand are also slated to end by the end of the year. Thus ends one of the most famous camera brands of the 20th century -- albeit, in its resucitated Japanese form.

(Of course the optmist in me hopes that this means that Zeiss will be able to relicense the Contax brand to Cosina, so the the new Zeiss Ikon rangefinder can properly be called the Contax V).

Leica AG in Germany is also in very poor financial straits. They've made plans for an emergency stockholder meeting and have worked out some contingency plans with their banks, but things do not look good.

2/21/2005

Japan: Disability Protest


I forgot to post this yesterday. It's one of my favorite photographs from the protests last week. This group is from the southernmost island chain of Okinawa / Ryukyus. The straw hats are traditional to the Ryukyu Islands. The group decorated their hats with slogans protesting the government's changes. People with severe disabilities require one or two care attendants ("guide helpers" or "home helpers" in Japanese). The able-bodied people you see in the photoessays are staff or supporters at the various centers for independent living (CILs). As a rule, CILs are run by people with disabilities themselves in both management and board positions.

2/20/2005

Japan: Disability Protest 2005.02.15

On February 15 and 16th, a coalition of disability groups including DPI-Japan, the Japan Council on Independent Living Centers (JIL), and People First Japan staged their fourth major protest in front of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare in Tokyo. The coalition was angered by the Ministry's pushing forward of a disability welfare bill (humbly) called the Grand Design that would make major changes to how people with severe disabilities would receive social services such as attendant care. This bill was written without full input from the people that it would affect the most. There were no public hearings, only closed door meetings with select members of the disability community known to be sympathetic to the government position.


This event followed similar protests in June, October, and December (follow links to my earlier articles). The February event was perhaps the largest of all of the protests with around 2,000 people with disabilities and their supporters travelling from all over Japan. Some of the largest groups came the furthest, from Sapporo on the northernmost island of Hokkaido, to a group from Okinawa, the southernmost.

On the first day, about 1200 people crowded the front of the Ministry building. Unlike earlier protests, the Ministry had told the building police not to interfere with the protesters and to allow them to use the Ministry's toilet facilities. This was a major point of contention during the October protest.

One of the hallmarks of this coalition is that it included members with severe physical, psychiatric, and intellectual disabilities as well as people with chronic diseases (nanbyo which are not considered disabilities) and other people who find themselves left out of the disability categorization system. Most disability groups in Japan and elsewhere tend to be single disability or if they are cross-disability, restrict themselves just to physical disabilities or to just intellectual disabilities (mental retardation, etc.), for example. It is rather unique to have a pan-disability movement with such broad reach. This is both a strength and weakness


Even though their impairments made it difficult for some members to speak, a major effort was made in making everyone's voice heard. In some cases, translators were used for speakers with severe cerebral palsy or intellectual disabilities.



Each group designed their own placards and signs that they wore on their chests or backs. This one reads: "The lives of people with disabilities are in danger! We thank you for understanding and supporting this movement of and for disabled people." Some of the other signs were a bit more dramatic, reading: The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare is killing disabled people.



The protesters staged an all-night sit-in in front of the Ministry building. The group from Nagoya brought in propane gas stoves, blankets, and enough cardboard boxes to rival the box shantytowns in Ueno Park. Another group even brought in band equipment including drums, an electric guitar, and amplifier system. People were invited up to the mike to sing and for a while, it was karaoke night at the Ministry.



All was fun and games until 3:00am when it started raining and the temperature dropped below zero. At that time, there were about 50 protesters sleeping in front of the Ministry building. The cardboard box shelters became drenched. Large tents were quickly erected and the protesters huddled in them for warmth. To make things worse, at 4:46am, a strong magnitude 5 earthquake struck the Tokyo area. The shaking was apparent even to people on the ground level. Buildings in Tokyo are built to handle a tremor of that size, so there was no property damage, but it shook the spirits of the protesters a bit.



The next morning, the leadership of the protesters met with various political party members. Here, one of the members from the Hyogo area is listening to a lower-house representative from the Japanese Social-Democratic Party. The Social-Democrats are against the Grand Design, but with only 4% in the lower-house, they have no power to block it. The other political parties that the group met with with the Japanese Communist Party (against the Grand Design), the Democratic Party of Japan (wishy-washy) and Komeito (for the government's plan). The opposition parties do not have enough votes to defeat the Grand Design. The protesters are hoping that they might be able to put the brakes on it so that it is not immediately implemented.



After meeting with the party representatives, the protests marched to the main Diet Building and presented their formal complaints to the Diet. This presentation of complaints is a ritualized process in Japanese politics. Unfortunately, I was in the main representatives building and wasn't allowed to take close-up photographs of the formal petition process.



What will happen? The bureaucrats in the MHLW are pushing this bill through, emphasizing that there is not enough money in the government budget to continue expensive attendant care programs. They have the support of the political parties in power (LDP/Komeito). The general trend in Japan (following the USA) is to cut money on social welfare and emphasize "individual responsibility." In this case, individual responsibility means greater co-payments and reductions in social welfare pensions for the elderly and disabled. It's hard to be optimistic about the situation.


Editorial: As with previous protests, there was no major print or television media coverage of this event. According to the protesters, the Ministry has made it known that it will not be tolerant of journalists who cover the issue from the protester's perspective. Indeed, one of the major dailies apparently temporarily lost its seat in the Ministry Press Club for straying beyond the party line in its coverage. That is not likely to ever occur again. There was a news crew from Fukoka covering the protest, but they were apparently doing a documentary on one of the individual protesters from the area and not the larger issue. In general, no one in Japan knows that 2,000 protesters had gathered in front of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare on these two days. Even this small blog will reach more people than all of the nonexistent reportage from the mainstream media. This is not good. Democracy depends on a free and open distribution of information. In this regard, the mass media in Japan are fundamentally failing their job. And unfortunately, this is a worldwide phenomenon.


- Karen Nakamura

Equipment: Essential travel gear

Contributor Mehyar writes in with:

here are couple of favorite gadgets i take on trips....fyi.

Delkin usb bridge...eliminates the need for carrying a laptop to the field to store data. good for long trips to the countryside in which one has to be backpack weight conscious.

http://www.delkin.com/delkin_products_usb_bridge.html

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LaCie Slim Combo CD-RW..light weight and usb bus powered. i back up all my pictures with this. among other things, don't trust the high power x-ray machines of the airports.

http://www.lacie.com/products/product.htm?pid=10392

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together with the Arcdisk hd, they facilitate survival from a computer breakdown when faraway from home.

2/19/2005

Blog: Japanese warning signs

My friend Juergen Sprecht's collection of Japanese warning signs is making the various blogs:
http://www.juergenspecht.com/documentations/?number=1

2/18/2005

Equipment: Canon 20Da Infrared SLR

In another weird twist, Canon Japan has announced the Canon 20Da, a limited edition, limited availability (Japan only) version of the EOS 20D digital SLR. Basically, the 20Da is designed for astrophotography and has the infrared filter removed from the CMOS chip, which allows the camera to peer into the Ha spectrum. The camera can also give you live preview on the rear LCD, which helps when you are trying to focus on some guidestars using your telescope mount. Who needs a Hubble when you have a 20Da?

Astrophotography is currently The Big Thing in Japan among camera geeks. Maybe we'll have some initiatives to reduce light pollution and smog.

Equipment: Canon Digital Rebel XT (aka 350D) announced

Canon has just announced the EOS Digital Rebel XT (aka 350D in Europe and KISS Digital 2E in Japan). It now has 8.0 megapixels in the same 1.6x crop factor. Just to dispel any rumors, the CMOS chip in the Rebel XT is actually a tad smaller (0.2mm) than the one used in the 20D, and is 8.0 megapixels not 8.2.

Shooting speed has been increased to 3fps with a 14 shot burst (JPEG) or 5 shot (RAW). The camera body itself is considerablyl lighter (130g) and smaller in all dimensions.

Interestingly, Canon is not using the same BP-511 batteries that they had in the 10D/20D and original Digital Rebel. You now have to use NB-2LH batteries, which are used in some of their point and shoot digitals. Canon says this was to reduce the size/weight of the 350D. My guess is that they also want to separate the consumer digital SLR line (Rebels) from the prosumer line (20D). Many of my friends have a 10D or 20D as their main camera and a Digital Rebel as a backup. Since they used the same lens, battery, and CF cards, it's a nice system. Having the Rebel XT using different batteries complicates this.

For more info, I updated my Canon Digital page a bit with new info, but the best site right now is DP review:

Equipment: Powerbook drive failures

Benjamin Lauderdale has an extended article on Ars Technica on his recent PowerBook G4 harddrive failure. Interestingly, the failure mode was identical to my own recent crisis - the SMART error message and the ability to copy some but not all files before the drive failed totally. See my own blog entry for info on my case involving the Toshiba 80 gigabyte drive ("TOSHIBA MK8025GAS") in my PowerBook G4 12":

http://www.photoethnography.com/blog/2005/02/equipment-drive-recovery-software-for.html

Apple Japan replaced my hard drive under the AppleCare plan for free (including free pickup and dropoff). It only took 3 days for it to leave and come back. Now, Apple Japan said in its repair notes that it "found no problem" but "replaced the hard drive and hard drive cable" anyway. Odd.

In any case, if you have an Apple PowerBook, it really behooves you to have something like S.M.A.R.T. Reporter installed. This is a freeware program that will constantly alert you to your hard drive's health. And yes, make lots of backups constantly! With DVD-R prices now less than a $1/disk for 4.7 gigabytes, you have no excuse!

2/16/2005

Blog: The space in between...

Wayne Yang (who has a very nice website of his own at http://www.wayneyang.com) let me know about Stacy Oborn's blog title The space in between. The site has in depth discussions of various photographs, some famous, some obscure, some Japanese, most Western.

The space in between (http://punctum.typepad.com/)

Engrossing. A must visit.

2/14/2005

Info: Getting from Tokyo to Kyoto as cheaply as possibly

Intra-city public transportation In Japan is excellent with extensive subways, buses, and light rail systems. However, you quickly find that while inter-city transportation is very fast using the Shinkansen (bullet-train) which travels at about 300 km/h, it's also very expensive. Here's my guide to getting from Tokyo to Kyoto (400 miles; 600 kilometers) as cheaply as possibly:
  1. Train: Tokaido line with Seishun 18 ticket ¥2,300 each day (9 hours, 1-3 transfers) - warning: Seishun 18 can only be bought/used during particular periods of the year; otherwise it's ¥9000 if you buy the train ticket normally
  2. Bus: City Liner - ¥4,300-¥4,500 each way by overnight bus (7 hrs)
  3. Bus: JR Highway Bus - ¥8,180 each way by "deluxe" overnight bus (7 hrs)
  4. Train: Shinkansen Nozomi - ¥13,990 each way -- that's about US$130, $260 round trip! (2.5 hrs)
  5. Car: If you're driving, tolls will be ¥10,050 (according the JH Navigator) + gas will be about ¥8,000 = ¥18,000. It will take you about 6~7 hours each way, depending on traffic. I've never seen anyone (Japanese/female) hitchhike in Japan, so that's not really an option for me.
  6. Plane: about ¥19,000 each way / Y27,000 round trip. (45 minutes)

Astute people will note that the round-trip plane is slightly cheaper than the train, although getting to the airport adds another Y3000 or so to your bill and isn't any faster. Really astute people will note that it's cheaper to fly to Seoul, Korea from Japan than it is to fly between Kyoto and Tokyo. Go figure!

I'm just about to go to yet another disability protest in Japan, so these were my back of the napkin figures. If you have updated figures or more information, please post them! Well, I'm off to catch the City Liner! :-)

Updated 2005.02.16: Added Seishin 18 information and hitchhiking caveat
Updated 2005.03.16: Added accurate highway tolls (and gasoline guesstimate)

News: Recent top-five camera sales in Japan

The February issue of Nippon Camera lists the top five cameras in various sales categories as calculated by Bic Camera, one of the largest camera retail chains in Japan, for the period 2004.12.20-2004.12.31:

Digital SLRs
  1. Konica Minolta alpha-7 (aka Maxxum 7D)
  2. Pentax *ist DS
  3. Canon EOS 20D
  4. Nikon D70
  5. Pentax *ist DS lens set

Discussion: This was surprising to me. Among the circles I travel, the Canon EOS digital cameras have been the most popular, but the 20D only ranks third in sales. The Japanese camera press has been giving the new KM alpha-7 very high reviews, especially for its built in body anti-shake feature. The same issue of Nippon Camera shows the KM body's anti-shake is right up there with Nikon's VR and Canon's IS, even besting them in some areas. My guess is that all of the people who had Minolta alpha lenses have gone out and bought the digital alpha-7. Canon's own share of the SLR market is diluted by its D60, 10D, 20D, and Kiss Digital (Digital Rebel) -- which interestingly did not make the top five. Canon may have greater market share as a whole, but the alpha-7 is the best selling camera.



Film SLRs
  1. Nikon F6
  2. Canon EOS Kiss 7 (aka Rebel)
  3. Canon EOS 7 double-zoom kit
  4. Pentax *ist
  5. Konica Minolta alpha-70

Discussion: I was also surprised that the F6 made the top despite my report on it last year. It's an expensive camera ($3000~) and many analysts couldn't figure out why Nikon was putting out another pro-level film camera when Canon has intimated that we won't see any more professional EOS film cameras being developed. But obviously they made the right decision.



Digital Compact Cameras
  1. Canon IXY Digital 50
  2. Pentax Optio S50
  3. Konica Minolta DiMage X50
  4. Sony Cybershot DSC-T3
  5. Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX7

Discussion: Nothing particularly surprising here. Market analysts are saying in Japan that in two or three years, the number of digital point and shoot manufacturers will be cut in half. There is just no profit in the market, despite good sales (see my earlier CPIA analysis for details).



Medium Format Film Cameras
  1. Mamiya 645 Pro TL
  2. Mamiya RZ67 Pro IID
  3. Mamiya 7 II
  4. Contax 645
  5. Bronica RF645

Discussion: Interestingly, the Pentax 67 did not make the top five. Nor did Hasselblad (which is terribly overpriced in Japan). The new Mamiya RZ is selling well and I think people are excited by their announcement of the Mamiya ZD digital camera as well as the ZD back for the RZ.




As always, comments and feedback always welcome. Images of cameras used here are copyright the respective manufacturers.

2/13/2005

Blog: Memoranda - B&W photos from Japan

Marmotbaby sent me a link to Memoranda, a daily photoblog from Japan. Every day, a different B&W photo (often taken with very classic cameras) is posted to the site. While the explanatory text is all in Japanese, you can use Google's translation tool to hilarious effect. Or you can just enjoy the photos in their own right as very evocative and beautiful.

2/12/2005

Site: World Press Photo of the Year 2004

The World Press Photo organization has announced the winners of its annual contest:
They also have information about entering the 2005 contest. To be honest, I was a bit more impressed with the quality of the 2004 NPPA Photographers.

2/4/2005

Info: Airline food, airline seats

While we're on the subject of comfort (?) during airline travel, here are two other sites that I've found useful:

Suggestions and comments always welcome.

Hardware: iPod Headphones

SleepingInAirports.com recommends a big pair of headphones and a walkman to drown out the sound of airport announcements and to make the stay seem shorter. Of course, nowadays, everyone uses an iPod instead (and with the Griffin iTalk microphone, the iPod is a great fieldwork tool). I use it for all of my interviews as well as dictating notes to myself. They sync right back up to my laptop and I put them in the same folder as my written notes (now you can see why losing my laptop was such a big deal).

Rather than big "earmuff" headphones, I might also recommend inner-ear headphones such as the Sony MDR-EX71. I've had these now for about a month. These have silicon earplugs in various sizes that seal out outside sound much better than the open-air phones that come with the iPod. The sound quality is much better and it really quietens the roar of the airplane if you're sitting in the rear seats. I bought mine for just over Y4000 in Japan.

The one downside is that they seal out sound so well that you really have to be careful if you're walking around a busy city while wearing them. You can't hear bicycles or taxis that are bearing down on you with homicidal intent. You can also buy Shure high-end phones that look similar but cost over $200. I'm not that rich so I can't say if the sound is that much better.

Site: SleepingInAirports.com

Unlike my bug-eating, backpacking brethren, I am known as an anthropologist who likes her creature comforts. Nonetheless, even the most softened anthropologist has had to occasionally spend the night in an airport. I found a fantastically funny and informative website that ranks the various airports for their sleepfulness, gives tips on where to catch some zzzzs and useful hints about what and what not to do in the process.

http://www.sleepinginairports.com/

My own personal favorite, Singapore Changi, is listed there at #3. They have a mini-hotel where you can shower and sleep for the few hours between a layover. And you can literally spend half a day wandering the shopping arcades or catch a bus to town and enjoy the "Night Safari" at the zoo. My second favorite is Amsterdam's Schipol. The best thing is its proximity to the city. This made in simple to dash in, explore a couple of museums, and dash back all in time for your departing flight.

No Japanese airport makes the top ten. It's odd that we -- the creators of the capsule hotel, the "unit bath," and the Washlet -- cannot design an airport that you'd want to spend a few hours -- or build an airport with easy and inexpensive transport access to the city. Although to be fair, I just read a news clipping in Asahi Shimbun yesterday that the new Nagoya International Airport will have an onsen bath with a view of the runway. No mention was made whether departing passengers will be able to catch a final glimpse of naked Japan at its best.

2/2/2005

Equipment: Drive recovery software for MacOS X

As readers of my blog know, my Powerbook harddrive crashed right on the eve of my trip to the United States -- and right during a backup session. This meant that less than half of my data was properly backed up, including my most recent ethnographic fieldnotes, interview recordings, and digital photographs. Not good.

Apple's DiskUtility warned of a S.M.A.R.T. diagonistic failure indicating a hardware failure and could not repair it. My usual disk utility program, DiskWarrior, could also not scan the disk because of the hardware failure. I thought I was @(*@*@.....

I had thought that my only remaining option was DriveSavers in California. They gave me an online estimate of $2000 to recover the missing data. Yes, two big ones. They'd take the drive into a clean room and read the data off the raw platters just like the latest episode of CSI New York.

I had almost packed the computer away to send to them when I tried an absolutely new program that's on the market called VirtualLab. It's for both the PC and Mac. Unlike Norton or DiskWarrior, the neat thing about it is that it works with a data analysis server over the internet. Also, you don't buy the program but you buy blocks of data recovery. I needed about 8 gigabytes recovered, which cost me about $140.*

* The program does have some negatives. You have to guesstimate ahead of time how much data you want to recover. If you guess wrong, they charge you more if you want to bump it up later. And if I wanted to recover another drive in the future, it'd cost me over a $100 again. This is aggravating. They should charge either a flat rate or a simple scaled rate and not penalize customers who are bad at math.

The program works fantastic. You do need some way to boot it up separate from the broken drive, I bought an external firewire harddrive (300 gigs for Y30,000) which is now serving as my backup drive. I loaded MacOS X 10.3 on it, then launched VirtualLab. Unlike Norton, DiskUtility, or DiskWarrior, the Virtuallab software was able to workaround the hardware failure (somehow, I'm not sure).

I recovered all of my data. Phew.

I can't praise VirtualLab enough. Give it a try. It's expensive, but a great last resort. They note that it can also be used to recover accidentally formatted or repartitioned drives too. I'll give a report on how Apple Japan fixes my PowerBook later on.

Fine print: Like all of the reviews on my site, I of course received nothing from BinaryBiz for recommending them. I am entirely vendor kickback free.

2/1/2005

News: Prime Minister Koizumi support at all time low

On page one, above the fold, Asahi Shinbun reports that Prime Minister's Jun'ichiro Koizumi's approval rating has dropped to an all-time low of 33%. Disapproval is at 46%. If you recall, when he became prime minister in 2001, his approval was in the mid-80s. This plummetted by the end of the year and never fully recovered.

The only problem is that that, like British PM Tony Blair, there is no one with enough support who could take over the reins if Koizumi were to stand down.

On page two, Asahi notes that approval for the idea of a female emperor is currently at 86%. With no male heir emerging from the line of Crown Prince Naruhito and Princess Masako, we could expect the reign of Empress Aiko in several decades.

Culture: Japanese toilets and bidets (Washlets) explained

If you've been puzzling about Japanese toilets and our extremely high-tech bidets (Washlets), get thee to this Wiki entry which explains just about everything you would want to know (and much that you wouldn't) about defecatory cleanliness in our little island nation:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_toilet

1/31/2005

Equipment: Leicaflex SL and Leica R lenses

While in Minnesota, I bought a Leicaflex SL kit for about half of what it was worth on the open market (even
given ebay-driven depreciation). Prices have really dropped on R-equipment. If you like old mechanical cameras, you should definitely check out Leica SLRs as they've become very reasonable. I've updated my classic camera site with information on the two:

http://www.photoethnography.com/ClassicCameras/Leicaflex.html
http://www.photoethnography.com/ClassicCameras/Lens-R.html

Leica R lenses can be used on Canon EOS cameras (including the 10D/20D) with an adapter. I've posted information on this on the Lens-R page.

Suggestions and fixes are more than welcome.